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Queen of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC

For other uses, see Cleopatra (disambiguation).

Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (Koinē Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Θεά Φιλοπάτωρ, lit. 'Cleopatra father-loving goddess';^{[note 4]} 70/69 BC – 10 August 30 BC) was Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC, and the last active Hellenistic pharaoh.^{[note 5]} A member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, she was a descendant of its founder Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian Greek general and companion of Alexander the Great.^{[note 6]} Her first language was Koine Greek, and she is the only Ptolemaic ruler known to have learned the Egyptian language, among several others.^{[note 7]} After her death, Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire, marking the end of the Hellenistic period in the Mediterranean begun during the reign of Alexander (336–323 BC).^{[note 8]}

Cleopatra was the daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes, who n